Cylinder for explosive-engines.



PATENTED MAR. -1'7, 1903.

L. M. JOHNSTON. CYLINDER FOR EXPLOSIVE ENGINES.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 5, 1899.4

N0 MODEL.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

LAWRENCE M. JOHNSTON, OF DAYTON,VOHIO.

CYLINDERFOR ExPLoslgvEv-ENGYINES.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 722,846, dated March 17, 1903.

Application iiled June 5, 1899. Serial No. 719,510. (No model.)

To @ZZ whom, t may concern.:

Be it known that LLAWRENCE MJOHNSTON, of Dayton, county of Montgomery, and State of Ohio, have invented a certain new and use.- ful Improvement in Cylinders for Explosive- Engines; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which like characters refer to like parts.

My invention relates to improvements in the construction of cylinders for explosive-engines; and it consists in the construction, combination,and arrangement of the parts,all as will be hereinafter described,and more particularly referred to in the claims.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a central vertical section of the rear end of the cylinder, the section being taken through the parts on a plane with the line X X in Fig. 3. Fig. 2 is a similar view thereof, taken on a plane coinciding with the line Y Y of Fig. 3. Fig. 3 is a rear View of the cylinder with the water-cap and plug removed. Fig. 4 is an internal View of the water-cap completely covering the head of the cylinder. Fig. 5 is a sectional view thereof on line X X of Fig. 4, and Figs. 6 and 7 are respectively a side and an end elevation of the plug in the head of the cylinder.

The cylinder 10 is formed in this instance of inner and outer circular walls 11 and 12, separated from each other to form a waterway 13, completely surrounding the periphery of the cylinder, the outer wall12 thus vconstituting the water-jacket for the periphery of the inner cylinder. Said walls 11 and 12 are connected at intervals at the rear or head end of said cylinder by integral portions 14, Figs. 2 and 3, which portions serve to provide means for screwing or securing the cap to or against the water-jacket. The head of cylinder 10 is formed in this instance by an integral wall 15, provided in this instance with a relatively small opening 16 therethrough, substantially in the center thereof. Closing said opening 16 is a plug 17, secured .in said opening 16 in any desirable manner-in this instance by screw-threads-and in this particular instance the plug 17 is slightly tapered on its periphery, the taper converging toward the interior of the cylinder, and the opening 16 is correspondingly tapered and provided with threads litting those upon plug 17. Improvernents are provided for facilitating the securing of said plug 17 in said opening 16, and Ywhere said plug is secured by means of screw-threads, as is shown in the drawings, the plug 17 is provided with a suitable projection or projections to receive a wrench, and in this instance said means for receiving a wrench consists of a series of projections 18, in this instance cylindrical in form and projecting from the rear end of said plug 17. Upon these projections 18 may be adjusted an ordinary wrench, or in lieu of a wrench a straight bar may be inserted between said projections 18 and plug 17 screwed into or unscrewed from these openings 16 in the wall15, forming the head of the cylinder 10.

Upon the head of cylinder 10 is secured a cap 20, extending over the entire head of the cylinder 10. Said cap 20 is provided with a flange 21 on its periphery. The edge of the iiange is fitted against the head of the cylinder, near the periphery thereof, and the joint formed thereby is provided with an interposed lager of packipg 19 for the purpose of forming a water-tight joint ,only at its periphery. Said iiange 21 is in this instance provided on its inner edge with a series of projections 22, Figs. 2 and 4, which extend down to andare in this instance integral with the cap 20. Through each of said projections 22 is formed an opening 23 for the accommodation of suitable bolts 24, Fig. 2, said openings 23 extending through said projections 22 and the head 20. In each of the portions 14, uniting the walls 11 and 12 of the cylinder 10, is formed an opening 25, registering with their corresponding opening 23 in the cap 20, and said opening 25 being threaded in this instance to receive the threaded end of the bolt 24, which bolts 24 pass through said openings 23 and are threaded in the said openings 25 for the purpose of clamping said cap 20 to and over the head of said cylinder 10. The iiange 21 on cap 2O separates cap 20 from the head-wall 15 of cylinder 10 and forms a cavity 26 therebetween, which\cavity 26 is connected to the waterway 13, surrounding the cylinder 10, by means of passages 27 between said portions 14, so that the water completely circulates thro u gh the passages or waterways 13, 26, and

IOO

ample clearness to the said projections 18 of v plug 17.

The head of cylinder is machined only at its periphery to form a joint with the machined edge of flange 2 1 and projections 22,

which machining in this instance leaves a machined ring 35, Figs. 1 and 2, projecting from,`

the wall beyond the joint between the ange 21 and cap 20 and the head of the cylinder 10. In this instance means are provided for centering said cap 2O upon the cylinder, which means consists in the particular instance shown of a projection 40 from the inner edge of each of said projections 22, the inner edges of the projections 40 being furnished or machined in this instance to Iit said ring 35, so that when cap 2O is placed upon the cylinder 10 it is held and centered thereon by means of the projections 40 resting upon the ring 35, and said cap 2O may be rotated upon said ring 35 until the bolt-openings 23 through said cap register with bolt-openings in the portions 14 of cylinder 10, whereupon the bolts 24 may be inserted through said bolt-openings and the cap 2O rigidly secured to the cylinder l0, the packing 19 between the joint thereof being pressed sufficiently close by the binding power of the bolts 24 to form a water-tight joint. The cap 2O is made quite thin in this instance, for the reason that it is only required to stand a pressure of the circulating water, which is but a very few pounds to the square inch, as said cap 20 is so arranged as to be free from the pressure of the explosive force in the cylinder 10, which at times may reach three hundred pounds to the square inch, and it will be furthermore observed that but one water-tight joint is required in thus constructing and arranging the head and cap of the cylinder.

The forming of the cap 2O comparatively thin and weak not only adds to the excellence and cheapness of construction of the cylinder, but in addition thereto it provides or forms a sort of reliefvalve, guratively speaking-that is, when the engine is stopped running by the carelessness of the attendant it is liable to result in the failure to drain the water from the waterways of the cylinder 10. The water therein consequently in extreme cold weather freezes when left for any length of time, and some part of the cylinder must burst to afford relief for the expansion of the freezing water. In `this instance the thin cap 2O fully covering the head of the cylinder bursts and affords the proper relief. This cap 20 is the most inexpensive part of the cylinder and can be readily replaced at a far less cost than any other part of the cylinder, and in case of an emergency the constructions that I have devised enable the engine to be operated for a limited time without the cap 20, and if the ways 27 between the portions 14 of the cylinder 10 were plugged up the engine can be operated quite a`while, the only difference being that the head-wall 15 and its plug 17 would become very hot by reason of no cooling liquid circulating therefrom.

By casting the head-wall 15 solid the plug 17 in head-wall 15 may be omitted altogether, if desired, as it is employed in this instance as a convenience in boring the cylinder, the boring-bar being passed through the opening 16 of said head-wall 15.

I have thus described the portions 14 as being integral with both the inner and outer walls 11 and 12 as a preferable construction. Itis very apparent, however, that this construction may be slightly modiiied and still be within the spirit 0f my invention, the purpose of the portions 14:l being merely to provide means for screwing or securing the cap to or against the end of the water-jacket, the same being so constructed as to provide a water-chamber which will entirely surround the head portion of. the cylinder, and I do not wish to limit myself to the exact construction shown in the drawings.

The cylinder 10 is provided with the wellknown inlets and exhaust-ports in the side of the cylinder, in which are mounted igniting mechanism for discharging explosive mixtures. The ports and igniting mechanism are not shown in this instance, as they are of the usual construction. Likewise the waterways to the cylinder 10, with inlet and outlet openings, are not shown for the same reason.

Having now described my invention so fully and clear that others skilled in the art may freely make and use the same when this exclusive grant shall cease to operate, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The combination with the cylinder proper having one end open 'and its other end closed by a solid integral head, a removable part or plate inserted centrally in said head, a water-jacket on the cylinder and terminating at or near its closed end, and a cap entirely inclosing the end of the cylinder and its removable part and removably bolted to the end of the water-jacket.

2. In agas-engine, the combination of a cylinder provided With a peri pherical waterway, a head-wall integral with the walls of said cylinder, an opening through the center thereof, a plug adapted to be rigidly secured in said opening, a supplemental head extending over IOO the entire head of the cylinder and bolted and packed only at its periphery to said cylinder,

a waterway between said head-wall and said inder provided with a peripherical waterway, a head-wall for said cylinder, a supplemental head extending over the entire head of the cylinder and bolted and packed only at its periphery to said cylinder, a waterway between said head-wall and said supplemental head, said waterway extending over the entire head of the cylinder, one or more passage-ways between said peripherical waterway and the waterway at the head ofsaid cylinder, and means for centering said supplemental head upon said cylinder, substantially as specified.

4. In a gas-en gine, the combination of a cylinder provided with a peripherical waterway, a head-wall for said cylinder, a supplemental head extending over the entire head of the cylinder and bolted and packed only at its periphery to said cylinder, a waterway between said head-wall and said supplemental head, said waterway extending over the entire head of the cylinder, one or more passage-ways between said peripherical water-y Way and the waterway at the head of said cylinder, and a cooperating ring and projection on said cylinder and said supplemental head for centering said supplemental head upon said cylinder, substantially as specified.

5. In a gas-engine, the combination of a cylinder, provided with a peripherical waterway, a head-wall for said cylinder, a supplemental head extending over the entire head of the cylinder and bolted and packed only at its periphery to said cylinder, a waterway between said head-wall and said supplemental head, said waterway extending over the entire head of the cylinder, one or more passage-ways between said peripherical waterway and the waterway at the head of said cylinder, a flange upon the periphery of said supplemental head, a series of projections on the inner edge of said flange, bolts passing through said supplemental head and said projections for bolting and packing said supplemental head only7 at its periphery to said cylinder, said packing extending around the bolts through the `projections of said supplemental head, substantially as specified.

6. In a gas-engine, the combination of a cylinder, provided with a peripherical waterway, a head-wall for said cylinder, a supplemental head extending over the entire head of the cylinder and bolted and packed only at its periphery to said cylinder, a waterway between said head-wall and said supplemental head, said waterway extending over the entire head of the cylinder, a series of passageways between said peripherical waterway and the waterway at the head of said cylinder, portions 14 separating said passage-ways, a flange upon the periphery of said supplemental head, a' series of projections on the inner edge of said flan ge, bolts passing through said supplemental head and said projections for bolting and packing said supplemental head only at its periphery to said cylinder, said packing extending around the bolts through the projections of said supplemental head, said bolts being threaded into said portions 14, a projecting ring on said cylinder, and a portion on a series of said projections of said flange contacting with said ring for centering said supplemental head upon said cylinder, substantially as specied.

'7. In a gas-engine, the combination of a cylinder provided with a peripherical waterway,

a head-wall integral with the head of said cylinder, a threaded opening through the center thereof, athreaded plug adapted to be threaded into said opening, means for applying a wrench to said plug, a supplemental head extending over the entire head of the cylinder and bolted and packed only at its periphery to said cylinder, a waterway between said head-wall and said supplemental head, said waterway extending over the entire head of the cylinder, and one or more passage-ways between said peripherical waterway and the waterway at the head of said cylinder, substantially as specified.

8. In a gas-engine, the combination o`f a cylinder provided with a peripherical waterway, a head-Wall integral with the head of said cylinder, a threaded opening through the center thereof, a threaded plug adapted to be threaded into said opening, a series of wrench projections on said plug, a supplemental head extending over the entire head of the cylinder and bolted and packed only at its periphery to said cylinder, a waterway between said head-wall and said supplemental head, said waterway extending over the entire head of the cylinder, a recess upon the inner face of said supplemental head, said wrench projections on said plug extending toward said recess in said supplemental head, and one or more passage-ways between said peripherical waterway, and theyvaterway at the head of said cylinder, substantially as specied.

9. A supplemental head for cylinders of explosive-engines\provid`ed with a laterally-extending iange on its periphery, a series of projections on t `e inner edge of said flange and integral with id\lange and said head, a bolt-hole through eac said projections and passing through saillfedaid head being adapted to extend over the head of the cylinder by means of bolts passing through said openings and packing extending over the edges of said flange and said projections, substantially as specified.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 19th day of April, 1899.

LAWRENCE M. JOHNSTON.

Witnesses:

ISAAC G. KENNEDY, F. M. BURNHAM.

IOO

IIO 

